What your import really costs
Every tax in the right order, then your real cost, what comes back, and what to sell it for.
Fills the form with the 20,000 kg cashew consignment worked through in full below.
How India taxes an import
Indian customs tax is not one percentage on your invoice. It is a chain, and each step is charged on a different base. Getting the order wrong is the usual reason a cost estimate is out by five or ten percent.
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1
Start from the delivered value, not the goods price The value customs taxes is your goods, insurance and freight added up in rupees. Convert at the exchange rate the government publishes each month, not the market or your bank rate. If you have no insurance bill, customs allows 1.125% of the goods price instead.
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2
Basic Customs Duty The main import tax, charged as a percentage of that value. The rate depends on your customs code and where the goods come from — a valid certificate under a free trade deal can bring it down to nothing.
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3
Agriculture and health levies These two extra taxes apply to some goods only. Check the base carefully: they are normally charged on the value customs taxes, though some agents charge the agriculture one on the basic duty instead.
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4
Social Welfare Surcharge 10% of all the duties added together — basic duty plus the agriculture and health levies, not basic duty alone. Charging it on basic duty alone understates what you owe.
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5
Sales tax (GST) last, on everything Charged on the value customs taxes plus every duty above. That is why it is the biggest single line on most import bills, even at a low rate.
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6
Add what customs does not charge Port, storage, delivery-order, detention and inland transport charges sit outside the tax chain but inside your total cost. They carry their own GST, at 12% or 18%.
The number most cost sheets get wrong
The sales tax you pay at import comes back. A GST-registered importer claims it against the GST charged on their own sales. Basic duty, the agriculture and health levies and the surcharge do not come back — they stay in the cost of the goods for good.
A sheet that adds every tax together and calls the total your cost overstates it, and you will price too high. One that ignores tax altogether understates the cash you need on the day the goods land. Both numbers matter, and they are different numbers. This calculator shows them separately: total cost, cash needed on arrival, and real cost after the refund.
Worked example
20,000 kg of a farm commodity at USD 0.82 per kg for the goods, USD 4,000 sea freight, customs exchange rate 97.28, 15% basic duty, 10% surcharge, 5% sales tax and ₹1,50,000 of port charges:
| Goods plus freight (no insurance bill) | ₹19,84,512.00 |
| Basic Customs Duty @ 15% | ₹2,97,676.80 |
| Social Welfare Surcharge @ 10% | ₹29,767.68 |
| Sales tax @ 5% on value and duty | ₹1,15,597.82 |
| Total import tax | ₹4,43,042.30 |
| Total cost including port charges | ₹25,77,554.30 |
| Of which comes back to you | ₹1,15,597.82 |
| Tax that never comes back | ₹3,27,444.48 |
Tax works out at 22.3% of the delivered value, but only 16.5% of it is never returned. Price against the 16.5%.
